A single-phase Type Transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two circuits through electromagnetic induction. It operates on a single-phase alternating current (AC) supply and is widely used in homes, offices, and small industries where three-phase power is unnecessary.
The transformer consists of a magnetic core made of thin, laminated sheets of silicon steel to minimize eddy-current losses. The core provides a low-reluctance path for magnetic flux and is rectangular, with two vertical limbs and two horizontal yokes. Both the primary and secondary windings are placed on the two limbs of the core. The low-voltage (LV) winding is placed closest to the core, while the high-voltage (HV) winding is wound over it, ensuring better insulation and efficient energy transfer.
It operates on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary winding, an alternating magnetic flux is produced in the core. This flux links with the secondary winding, inducing an electromotive force (EMF). When the secondary circuit is connected to a load, current flows, transferring power from the primary to the secondary side.
The core-type transformer offers several advantages: a simple design, high efficiency (up to 95%), easy maintenance, and robust mechanical construction. It is usually air-cooled, though larger units may use oil cooling for temperature control.
Common applications include residential voltage conversion, control circuits, and small electrical machines. Compared to a shell-type transformer, a core-type transformer is lighter and easier to manufacture, making it suitable for low- and medium-power ratings.
576
